Afua CooperRecensioni

The horror of slavery is revisited in this biography of Henry Bibb. Henry and his mother, Milly, are sold to a prominent lawyer in Kentucky. She is a house servant and he becomes the childhood playmate of the lawyer’s daughter. e story details numerous cruelties su ered by enslaved people, Henry’s attempts to escape, and the heartbreaking separations experienced by slave families

A successful recount of the life of Henry Bibb and a reasonably good read. The ending felt a bit abrupt and the writing style somewhat dry.

A historical novel about Phillis Wheatley's short life told from her perspective as an adult, including her memories of Africa, capture, horrific journey through the Middle Passage, enslavement to a Boston family, education, becoming a published poet, and release from bondage.

"Anyone desperate to believe that Canada was slave-free, or that Canadian slavery was gentle, must close this book now."

So states George Elliott Clarke in the introduction to Afua Cooper's work.

"But those seeking truth, those who want to understand Canada’s settler-barbarism, will find this book impossible to ignore and impossible to forget."

He's right: this book is impossible to ignore.

But the subject of slavery in Canada can be ignored -- and, indeed has been ignored in classrooms.

I was taught about The Underground Railroad and the route that slaves in the United States followed to freedom in Canada; I was not taught that there was slavery in Canada, too, nor about the kind of persecution that refugees faced here when they arrived, when they were "free".

Afua Cooper's book does work to fill that gap, but, first, readers are introduced to Angélique, and brought into the city of Montreal in a very rich passage; Afua Cooper walks the streets, and urges you to walk alongside her (searching for images online can bring particular buildings in Old Montreal off the page even more).

After a brief sketch of Angélique's trial, readers are whisked back into time, largely to understand the twists and turns in Angélique's life that brought her, born in Portugal, to Old Montreal.

She may have been born to a woman who was a slave, so that she inherited her status, and she lived within/under four empires during her brief life, enslaved, before she was hanged.

This is where Afua Cooper's history lesson comes in handy: how Portugal instigated the slave trade, how other nations entered and perpetuated it, the development of colonial territories on the backs of enslaved labourers around the world, the contrasting conditions under which they suffered and resisted and lived and died (which varied according to time and place and circumstance).

So this is the story of Marie-Joseph Angélique, a 29-year-old woman. She took walks by the banks of the river, was friendly with a neighbouring slave girl, and had two love affairs, before she was accused of burning Old Montreal in 1734.

It's the story of...many other things as well. If you're curious, the full response is here.

Henry Bibb grew up hearing stories from his mother about black people who could walk on water and fly, and it was only until he began to see the inequity of his servitude that he realized what she meant. Through a compelling story about the life of a real person who grew up as a slave in Kentucky readers learn about all the hardships and tragedies that slaves endured in 19th century America. Despite obvious errors in the text (like the name of the character Suzette being Suzanne once) and an eerie beginning where the speaker, Henry Bibb, retells memories from his mother’s womb and of his own birth Cooper tells an incredibly gripping story, made even more touching because Henry is a real person. While physical abuse and sexual abuse are alluded to the author spends more time developing how events made Henry feel rather than on gruesome details, so the book is suitable for a younger audience. The focus on Henry Bibb’s young life makes it a useful tool for kids and young adults to connect with someone who experienced slavery first-hand.

"Anyone desperate to believe that Canada was slave-free, or that Canadian slavery was gentle, must close this book now."

So states George Elliott Clarke in the introduction to Afua Cooper's work.

"But those seeking truth, those who want to understand Canada’s settler-barbarism, will find this book impossible to ignore and impossible to forget."

He's right: this book is impossible to ignore.

But the subject of slavery in Canada can be ignored -- and, indeed has been ignored in classrooms.

I was taught about The Underground Railroad and the route that slaves in the United States followed to freedom in Canada; I was not taught that there was slavery in Canada, too, nor about the kind of persecution that refugees faced here when they arrived, when they were "free".

Afua Cooper's book does work to fill that gap, but, first, readers are introduced to Angélique, and brought into the city of Montreal in a very rich passage; Afua Cooper walks the streets, and urges you to walk alongside her (searching for images online can bring particular buildings in Old Montreal off the page even more).

After a brief sketch of Angélique's trial, readers are whisked back into time, largely to understand the twists and turns in Angélique's life that brought her, born in Portugal, to Old Montreal.

She may have been born to a woman who was a slave, so that she inherited her status, and she lived within/under four empires during her brief life, enslaved, before she was hanged.

This is where Afua Cooper's history lesson comes in handy: how Portugal instigated the slave trade, how other nations entered and perpetuated it, the development of colonial territories on the backs of enslaved labourers around the world, the contrasting conditions under which they suffered and resisted and lived and died (which varied according to time and place and circumstance).

So this is the story of Marie-Joseph Angélique, a 29-year-old woman. She took walks by the banks of the river, was friendly with a neighbouring slave girl, and had two love affairs, before she was accused of burning Old Montreal in 1734.

It's the story of...many other things as well. If you're curious, the full response is here.

An important, wide-ranging history focusing on a slave woman and the context of life in colonial Montreal, slavery in Canada and the international Atlanta Slave Trade.

Afua Cooper tells the story of Marie-Joseph Angelique, a slave woman who is believed to have started the massive fire which destroyed the merchant section of Montreal in 1734. Fleshing out her story, Cooper provide abundant historical contexts so that readers can see the larger stories of which Angelique was a part. At times, the context pulls away from Angelique’s particular story, diminishing the unity of the book. For those of us unfamiliar with the global dimensions of slavery, however, the larger pictures she provides are invaluable.

Read more http://wp.me/p24OK2-nr

These two fictionalized biographies are both subtitled "a story of slavery and freedom". Each follows an historical personality from their early childhood through the horror of slavery until they finally arrive at freedom. The original Canadian titles are The Young -- instead of My Name Is-- and I think those are more appropriate, as these are really about the persons' childhood and young adulthood.

Phillis Wheatley's early childhood was idyllic. She is being trained as a Griot, a singer and important personage in her village; she is schooled at the mosque and is learning to read. She has a loving family and friends. Until one horrible night her village is attacked by slavers and she is taken away on a horrific journey. When they arrive in the Colonies, she is left to die; too ill to be sold. Mrs. Wheatley buys her and nurses her back to health. The Wheatleys are unusual for slave owners and when they see she is willing and interested in learning, they teach her all they can and supply her with tutors. They consider her a miracle and promote her poetry to their friends and neighbors. Eventually, Phillis travels to England to find patrons who are willing to print her poems. She is successful, but chooses to return to America and slavery when Mrs. Wheatley falls ill. While she is nursing her mistress, she is given her freedom. After her mistress dies, she chooses to stay with Mr. Wheatley and care for him also. Only after his death does she set out on her own, marrying John Peters, who is also free and educated. A brief afterword tells us that she eventually died in childbirth and most of the poems from her unpublished second manuscript have been lost.

The second story is far more harrowing. Henry Bibb's father was a white man and his mother was "an enslaved mulatto woman" i.e. mostly white but "black enough" to keep her in bondage. He suffered horribly at the hands of various masters, but never abandoned his dream of freedom and his desire for education. Eventually, after his own daughter is born, he follows his dream and escapes. The epilogue tells us that although Bibb was able to free his mother and was reunited with some of his siblings, he failed to rescue his wife and child, despite repeated attempts. His memoirs were widely read and he was greatly influential in the abolitionist movement, eventually founding a newspaper in Canada.

The reader is not surprised to learn that Afua Cooper is a poet, for these stories are full of rich and deeply emotional language. They are beautifully written and excellently balance the characters' reflections with the action of the story. I was fascinated by these historical characters' lives and devoured their stories as fast as possible. Historical fiction can be a difficult sell, but readers who enjoy the Dear America series (which I would guess influenced the change of title) will devour these with enjoyment and pause for reflection on the often overlooked aspects of early United States history.

However, despite how much I enjoyed these stories and the excellence of the writing, I am also...well, disturbed isn't quite the right word. Dissatisfied perhaps? My two pet peeves in historical fiction is first; behavior, language, and thoughts that are not consistent with the historical context (I could mention, for example, a certain highly popular series which includes expensive accessories....) second, the fictionalization of historical characters and events. In regard to this second, I was very uncomfortable with these characters. After I'd devoured the books, I found myself wondering "Is that really the way Phillis Wheatley grew up? what are her "childhood memories" based on? Do we know where she came from? Would her master's son actually have come into her ship cabin and held her hand to comfort her? That last sounds particularly unlikely." I was happier with the Henry Bibb narrative, perhaps because I am more familiar with this time period in history and have enjoyed reading personal narratives and literature similar to his memoirs, and the story had a definite flavor of a classic capture-and-redemption narrative of the time period.

However, I'm not saying that all historical fiction is wrong, or that historical characters should not be fictionalized. What I'm dissatisfied with (argh, should have chosen a different word, that one is hard to spell!) is the lack of context. Being the somewhat obsessive person that I am, I want to know which parts are true and which are guesses. In two historical fiction narratives I reviewed recently, Selene Castrovilla's works, there was extensive bibliography, sources, and author's notes on which parts of the story were guesswork and which were based on fact. I would have liked something similar in these books so I could get a better understanding of how much of the story was from the author and how much was based on historical facts. Afua Cooper appears to be a well-known authority on this time period and I am disappointed that she didn't share more with the reader.

Verdict: I'm interested in hearing what you, O Faceless Internet Readers, think. Is a good story a good story no matter what? Do you demand context, bibliographies, and sources in your historical fiction? Are you uncomfortable with fictionalized biographies, a genre which used to be standard in children's literature?

My name is Phillis Wheatley
ISBN: 978-1553378129; Published September 2009 by Kids Can Press; Review copy provided by publisher through Raab Associates

My name is Henry Bibb
ISBN: 978-1553378136; Published September 2009 by Kids Can Press; Review copy provided by publisher through Raab Associates

These two fictionalized biographies are both subtitled "a story of slavery and freedom". Each follows an historical personality from their early childhood through the horror of slavery until they finally arrive at freedom. The original Canadian titles are The Young -- instead of My Name Is-- and I think those are more appropriate, as these are really about the persons' childhood and young adulthood.

Phillis Wheatley's early childhood was idyllic. She is being trained as a Griot, a singer and important personage in her village; she is schooled at the mosque and is learning to read. She has a loving family and friends. Until one horrible night her village is attacked by slavers and she is taken away on a horrific journey. When they arrive in the Colonies, she is left to die; too ill to be sold. Mrs. Wheatley buys her and nurses her back to health. The Wheatleys are unusual for slave owners and when they see she is willing and interested in learning, they teach her all they can and supply her with tutors. They consider her a miracle and promote her poetry to their friends and neighbors. Eventually, Phillis travels to England to find patrons who are willing to print her poems. She is successful, but chooses to return to America and slavery when Mrs. Wheatley falls ill. While she is nursing her mistress, she is given her freedom. After her mistress dies, she chooses to stay with Mr. Wheatley and care for him also. Only after his death does she set out on her own, marrying John Peters, who is also free and educated. A brief afterword tells us that she eventually died in childbirth and most of the poems from her unpublished second manuscript have been lost.

The second story is far more harrowing. Henry Bibb's father was a white man and his mother was "an enslaved mulatto woman" i.e. mostly white but "black enough" to keep her in bondage. He suffered horribly at the hands of various masters, but never abandoned his dream of freedom and his desire for education. Eventually, after his own daughter is born, he follows his dream and escapes. The epilogue tells us that although Bibb was able to free his mother and was reunited with some of his siblings, he failed to rescue his wife and child, despite repeated attempts. His memoirs were widely read and he was greatly influential in the abolitionist movement, eventually founding a newspaper in Canada.

The reader is not surprised to learn that Afua Cooper is a poet, for these stories are full of rich and deeply emotional language. They are beautifully written and excellently balance the characters' reflections with the action of the story. I was fascinated by these historical characters' lives and devoured their stories as fast as possible. Historical fiction can be a difficult sell, but readers who enjoy the Dear America series (which I would guess influenced the change of title) will devour these with enjoyment and pause for reflection on the often overlooked aspects of early United States history.

However, despite how much I enjoyed these stories and the excellence of the writing, I am also...well, disturbed isn't quite the right word. Dissatisfied perhaps? My two pet peeves in historical fiction is first; behavior, language, and thoughts that are not consistent with the historical context (I could mention, for example, a certain highly popular series which includes expensive accessories....) second, the fictionalization of historical characters and events. In regard to this second, I was very uncomfortable with these characters. After I'd devoured the books, I found myself wondering "Is that really the way Phillis Wheatley grew up? what are her "childhood memories" based on? Do we know where she came from? Would her master's son actually have come into her ship cabin and held her hand to comfort her? That last sounds particularly unlikely." I was happier with the Henry Bibb narrative, perhaps because I am more familiar with this time period in history and have enjoyed reading personal narratives and literature similar to his memoirs, and the story had a definite flavor of a classic capture-and-redemption narrative of the time period.

However, I'm not saying that all historical fiction is wrong, or that historical characters should not be fictionalized. What I'm dissatisfied with (argh, should have chosen a different word, that one is hard to spell!) is the lack of context. Being the somewhat obsessive person that I am, I want to know which parts are true and which are guesses. In two historical fiction narratives I reviewed recently, Selene Castrovilla's works, there was extensive bibliography, sources, and author's notes on which parts of the story were guesswork and which were based on fact. I would have liked something similar in these books so I could get a better understanding of how much of the story was from the author and how much was based on historical facts. Afua Cooper appears to be a well-known authority on this time period and I am disappointed that she didn't share more with the reader.

Verdict: I'm interested in hearing what you, O Faceless Internet Readers, think. Is a good story a good story no matter what? Do you demand context, bibliographies, and sources in your historical fiction? Are you uncomfortable with fictionalized biographies, a genre which used to be standard in children's literature?

My name is Phillis Wheatley
ISBN: 978-1553378129; Published September 2009 by Kids Can Press; Review copy provided by publisher through Raab Associates

My name is Henry Bibb
ISBN: 978-1553378136; Published September 2009 by Kids Can Press; Review copy provided by publisher through Raab Associates

The fact that this book is just one more written about the struggle for freedom of American slaves does not take away from the good story that is told. Henry Bibb is a real person. Maybe that is part of why I liked this book so much. In the back of my mind I knew that this is a real, historical person who lived, breathed and died. The struggles he encounters throughout his life, while having been told in countless other books, still struck me anew. It is easy for me to get angry at the treatment handed out to the countless slaves in America in the early 19th century. That is part of why this book was a good read.

I'm part way through "The Hanging of Angelique", which is about the Atlantic Slave Trade in Canada. I know that Canadian history rarely, if *ever*, talks about our history of slavery, so this whole book has been both appalling and eye-opening for me.

Basically, Angelique was accused of burning down Montreal in the 1700s (the book's at home right now, so I'm fuzzy on the details). She had been a slave coming out of Portugal (I am learning so much about the Atlantic Slave Trade this school-year, between my class on Forced & Free Immigration to Latin America and this book), been taken to New York, and then brought up to Canada. The author, who dedicates the book to our then-new Govenor General, believes that Angelique's testimony about herself and her life may be the first Slave Narrative in North America, because she goes into so much detail about her experiences as a Slave, and about her *rage*.

It's a hard read for me, because I *like* the idea that Canada is a Post-Racist Utopia. I want to believe our only connection to the Slave Trade in North America is the end of the Underground Railway. But it's not. And just like we shouldn't ignore Africville here in Halifax, or Priceville in Ontario, we shouldn't ignore this.

Sadly, none of my reading right now *at all* is fluffy, or even fiction, so I have no recommendations, but if you want to get an idea of what's going on in Canadian historic circles right now, this may be a good book.

If you are looking for a historical work, you'll be disappointed. If you are looking for a reliable biography, you'll also be disappointed. But if you are looking for a highly speculative biography based on shaky history, you've come to the right place! Cooper's book stats out with a brilliant few chapters on the history of the Atlantic slave trade. Unfortunately, in an attempt to personalize the story of Canadian slavery, Cooper then attaches this history to the loose narrative of slave woman Angelique. What ensues is a highly speculative account of Angelique's life - complete with imagined dialogue between her and others - which reads more like a historical fiction than a biography. This book is an entertaining read, but it neither paints a complete picture of Canadian slavery nor an accurate one. Back to the drawing board miss Cooper!

After fifteen years of research, using court and business records, slave runaway advertisements for runaway slaves and bills of sale, histories of slavery and other forms of commerce in the eighteenth century, Afua Cooper does a remarkable job of vividly recreating Angélique’s world... rescuing Marie-Joseph Angélique from the silence of the past in this eloquent and remarkable book.

http://www.postnoills.com/main/?p=108