A good entry point into evolutionary medicine, or (as the author calls it) ecological developmental biology: Eco-Devo.
We are not living in an environment which shares too many similarities to that of our distant ancestors, and the evolutionary adaptations to the environment of our earlier times do not serve us well today. We have a mismatch between our evolutionarily-infomred biology and our current living conditions. The result is a maladaptive response of our bodies to current living conditions: food, crowded cities, and all the stresses of "modern life." We are left with obesity, metabolic syndrome, and in some ways a loss of synchronization between our bodies and brains (earlier puberty mismatched with a later assumption of adult roles in society).

A very good read. ( )