Charles Agar, archbishop of Cashel, 1779-1801, and archbishop of Dublin 1801-9, has generally been regarded as a good example of what was worst and worldliest in the late 18th-century Church of Ireland. He has been represented as a political prelate, as having neglected his ecclesiastical responsibilities in the pursuit of power and personal advancement, and as having been avaricious to the point of misappropriating part of the see lands of Cashel. This study shows that these charges are false or exaggerated. It argues that the political influence that he derived from his family hindered as well as helped his ecclesiastical career. It demonstrates that, at critical moments, his political ability was of supreme importance to the Church, and that within it he was under-rewarded and under-promoted in relation to his services. Finally, it suggests that, far from being the last of the bad old 18th-century churchmen, he was the archetype of 'the era of graceful reform' in the Church of Ireland. The book is not a straight biography: it is a study, through the medium of Agar, of churchmanship and politics in Ireland in the period c.1760-c.1810.