Eliza P. Donner Houghton (1843–1922)

Yet another Donner book, The Expedition of the Donner Party and Its Tragic Fate is by Eliza Donner Houghton, an authentic survivor of the party. However, Ms. Houghton was four years old when she was carried out of the Sierras; her book wasn’t published until 1879, more than 30 years after the event. This makes me wonder how much of Ms. Houghton’s account came from her own memory and how much was pieced together from other Donner Party narratives – especially those of Charles McGlashan (see above), who was a frequent correspondent and visitor.


Perhaps confirming this supposition, only about a third of the book actually concerns the Donner Party and its rescue; the remainder is Ms. Houghton’s reminiscences of growing up in California as an orphan. Eliza and her sister Georgia were taken in by an elderly Swiss immigrant couple, the Brunners, who had a thriving business selling milk and cheese and running a bar. Eliza portrays herself as an impressionistic and unprejudiced child, commenting without censure on the habits of local Indians and “Spanish”; Ms. Brunner comes across as a termagant, treating Eliza as little better than hired help (at least, in Eliza’s memory). Eliza and Georgia weren’t allowed to have toys, that being frivolous in Ms. Brunner’s opinion; and when she discovered the children made some dolls by dressing old bottles in cloth scraps they were punished and their “bottle babies” were confiscated and put to use as containers. Ms. Brunner also disapproved of school for girls, so their education was scanty. Eliza and Georgia were eventually taken in by their sister and brother-in-law, after a hostile confrontation with Grandma Brunner, who had been lead to believe that the girls were “badmouthing” her and was enraged at their ingratitude. (It seems that the Brunners had accumulated quite an estate by now and a certain Widow Stein attempted to get them to disown the Donner girls and adopt her own son Johnnie as their heir, and thus tried to poison Grandma Brunner against them). Eliza married Sherman Houghton in 1861 and ends her narration then; Mr. Houghton was a prominent lawyer and served several terms in Congress as a California representative.


In the 1870s, stories about the Donner Party – often sensational – appeared in the news again, and Charles McGlashan looked up Eliza Donner Houghton to get her story. Her response appears as an appendix; her main concern seems to be refuting stories that the entire Donner party had turned to flagrant cannibalism and that her mother’s and father’s dismembered and partially consumed bodies had been found scattered around their camp site. She narrates a strange three-way meeting between her, Charles McGlashan, and Louis Keseberg; Keseberg was found alive by the last relief party to reach the Donner campsites and was almost universally believed to have killed and eaten Tamsin Donner, Eliza’s mother (Keseberg sued some of his accusers for slander, and won; he was awarded $1 in damages). At any rate, he got on his knees and convinced Eliza that her mother had died a natural death (although McGlashan remained skeptical).


Not much of an addition to Donner lore, given the likelihood of faulty memory; of some interest for childhood life in early California.… (altro)

I purchased [The Expedition of the Donner Party and its Tragic Fate] because I wanted to learn the actual cause of and fate of the well known attempt by the Donner’s to cross the Sierra Nevadas; including their reputed resort to cannibalism. However, the author was only 4 years old at the time of the trip. Less than 50% of the book is about the expedition and other than remembering that they were cold and hungry, the author has to rely on things others have told her about the trip. The majority of the book is about the author's growing up as an orphan. While Ms. Donner does write a good story of her childhood after the death of her parents, since she was not present and cannot remember their deaths or many other facts, it's just another nice story about life in the west as an orphan. She has no recollection of cannibalism, although other children in the party did.… (altro)