Dr. Osama Mohammed Elmardi Suleiman Khayal

The method of dynamic relaxation in its early stages of development was perceived as a numerical finite difference technique. It was first used to analyze structures, then skeletal and cable structures, and plates. The method relies on a discretized continuum in which the mass of the structure is assumed to be concentrated at given points (i.e. nodes) on the surface. The system of concentrated masses oscillates about the equilibrium position under the influence of out of balance forces. With time, it comes to rest under the influence of damping. The iterative scheme reflects a process, in which static equilibrium of the system is achieved by simulating a pseudo dynamic process in time. In its original form, the method makes use of inertia term, damping term and time increment. The basics of this research paper stand on the ordinary and partial differential equations, which value the price of an option by using dynamic relaxation (DR) techniques. The study of partial differential equations in complete generality is a vast undertaking. As almost all of them are not possible to solve analytically we must rely on numerical methods, and the most popular ones are the finite differences methods coupled with dynamic relaxation techniques. With this research paper i do not intend to become an expert in few hours in order to solve differential equations numerically, but develop both intuition and technical strength required to survive when such a problem needs to be solved.… (altro)

This study deals with the shortage of electrical power generation in Port Sudan town in Sudan in 2005, and tries to suggest a solution to this problem. Information on the existing power plant and the grid in the town was analyzed. in addition, an estimation of the power demand on the current grid and its future expansion for ten years was made. Options through which the generation can be improved were presented. The advantages and limitations of every option were discussed, and a combined cycle power plant was chosen. Economic analysis has been carried out for the combined cycle power plant, and finally, the study suggested that the appropriate option based on technical and economic aspects was to use a combined cycle power plant.… (altro)

In recent years sugar cane industry had been faced with challenges that are mainly manifested in utilization of its by-products such as bagasse and molasses, and the growing concern for the environment that makes the governments to orient its policies and efforts towards the product of fuel that is chemically extracted through fermentation and distillation.
The research paper is directed to serve the economy through feasibility study to establish ethanol fuel plant to improve the profits of the sugar industry and alleviate the environmental problems resulting from the use of fossil fuels.
The study revealed that a capital of $26,201,660 can be invested in plant that produces 200,000 liter/day of ethanol fuel; the annual gross revenue without considering taxes is estimated to be $11,133,000 with payback period of 3.67 years. The economic indicators are feasible showing that internal rate of return is 22.55%.… (altro)

The vehicle is one of the most common machines in use today, and it is no exaggeration to state that it is crucial to the economic success of all the developing and developed nations of the world and to the quality of life of their citizens. The vehicle itself consists of thousands of component parts, many of which rely on the interaction of their surfaces to function. There are many hundreds of tribological components, from bearings, pistons, transmissions, clutches, gears, to wiper blades, tires, and electrical contacts. The application of tribological principles is essential for the reliability of the vehicle, and mass production of the vehicle has led to enormous advances in the field of tribology. For example, many of the developments in lubrication and bearing surface technology have been driven by requirements for increased capacity and durability in the vehicle industry. For the purpose of classifying the tribological components, one can divide the motor vehicle into engine, transmission, drive line, and ancillaries such as tires, brakes, and windshield wipers. In the following sections, each automotive component is discussed in detail. Lubricants used with these automotive tribological components are described in the last section of this study.… (altro)