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Le mie memorie

di Nadezhda Mandelstam

Serie: Memoirs (2)

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1673164,755 (4.5)17
Hope Against Hoperecounted the last four years in the life of the great Russian poet, Osip Mandelstam, and gave a hair-raising account of Stalin's terror. Hope Abandonedcomplements that earlier masterpiece, and in it Nadezhda Mandelstam describes their life together from 1919, and her own after Mandelstam's death in a labour camp in 1938. She also sets out his system of values and beliefs, and provides striking portraits of many of their contemporaries including Boris Pasternak and their champion till his own downfall, Nikolai Bukharin, as well as an astonishingly candid picture of Anna Akhmatova.… (altro)
Aggiunto di recente damcpinker, levipup, MylesKesten, fmclellan, JeffreyMiller, AmLee67, Joci_10, LolaWalser, AALockett
Biblioteche di personaggi celebriHannah Arendt
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It is a labour of love, disgust and despair. Of love for her partner and husband, the poet Ossip Mandelstam, disgust at the distorted human relations created by the October-revolution and Stalinism, and despair wether in her life-time (Hope Abandoned was completed in 1970) these will change to the better, so that the few positive developments she saw will not one day be taken away again.

I read this after the first part „Hope against Hope“ where N.M. describes the last years together with O.M. up to his arrest 1938, but this is not strictly necessary, Max Hayward gives a good introduction. This second volume is quite different: apart from reminiscences (not in chronological order), also essays about poetry, society, human nature as she experienced it and tales of people she met in der life. She writes extensively about her friend, the poetess Akhmatova, and a little about Pasternak and the poetess Marina Tsvetayeva* . Her account gives an inside how human relationships can be broken under suspicion and surveillance; only very few have the courage and personality to withstand the pressure. She writes: ‘At the height of the Stalinist terror 1937 the „whole country was numbed by fear… trying to hide their terror, they were ready to commit any crime to save their skins.(576) Everybody tried to save himself, seeing a potential informer in every neighbour and colleague. In such conditions one is hard put to detect good in anyone, but it nevertheless continued to exist … (570)
It demands to be read slowly, it requires study and going back to particular subjects and events, but it is worth it. Her account gives a unique inside to the Russian/USSR society and life under Stalin.

___________
*N.M. about M.T.: „… nowadays I realize that what she always needed was to experience every emotion to the utmost, seeking ecstasy not only in love, but also in abandonment, loneliness, and disaster.“ (462) and: „I know of no fate more terrible than M.T.’s“ (468)
https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/marina-tsvetaeva

literary critique (partly accessible):
Beth Holmgren: Women's Works in Stalin's Time: On Lidiia Chukovskaia and Nadezhda Mandelstam
Indiana University Press, 1993
https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=OVoFzFD5GcgC&dq=Obituary,+Nadezhda+Mande...

Reading N. M.’s account of Stalinist terror, how it distorted the communist idea and created an authoritarian surveillance state in which people lived in fear I was curious how the eminent historian Eric Hobsbawm could remain faithful to communism. So I went back to his autobiography: https://www.librarything.com/review/91313671 (XI-22) ( )
  MeisterPfriem | Oct 29, 2022 |
I became interested in the story of Osip Mandelstam, possibly the most high-profile artist to die in one of Stalin's many purges, through the mentions he gets in Solzhenitsyn's Gulag Archipelago. Nadezhda is Osip's widow, almost his disciple. She survived him by 40 years, a time spent bitterly brooding on her survival, and living with the single-minded intent of seeing Osip’s work published.
She is explicit that she is writing for ‘her sort’ of people, and speaks with unreserved scorn about almost everyone she has every met. The scorn isn’t reserved for the Soviet authorities who suppressed and murdered her husband, but is liberally handed out to anyone whose perspective differs from hers. Words like ‘cretin’, ‘pathetic’, ‘imbecile’ , ‘idiotic’ and many similar are commonplace. Their recipients include anyone who disagrees that poetry is superior to prose, that Acmeist poetry (the movement including Osip and Anna Akhmatova) could be confused with the movements that gave rise to it (such as ‘Futurism’), and certainly anyone whose recollections of events disagree with hers. Because she is not interested in pandering to anyone outside her circle, there is very little in the way of explicatory text where some is needed. She discusses poems without reproducing them (as if any of her readers worth their salt should already know them), and individuals without really introducing them (a large glossary at the end helps in this regard). It all gave me the impression that I would have been labeled as one of her ‘idiots’ and ‘cretins’ fairly swiftly had we ever met.
So by this time you are probably expecting a bad review, right? In fact, this was one of the most fascinating books I have read for a long time. At 800 pages it was hard work, and I did put it down for days at a time, but when I had the time and mental energy, I was riveted. What Nadezhda lacks in balance, she clearly makes up for in perspicacity, honesty and intelligence. The book is not a continuous narrative, but more like a series of 20 page essays about life, love, politics and poetry in the 1920s and 1930s, in the Soviet Union. It does not really serve as a biography of Osip, although there is enough to piece together an idea of his personality from the fragments she gives. She was a highly spiritual person, believing in Christian ideals, and also appeared to believe the poetry is a sort of cosmic force that Osip was a conduit for, rather than its creator. Consequently she feels little need to discuss him as a person, and her focus is on the loss of this conduit through the brutality and stupidity of the regime. The net result of all this is that the book is really, in my opinion, about Nadezhda herself. Her perspectives are polar opposites to mine in many ways, but she has the erudition to explain herself, and a knack for choosing just the right anecdotes to illustrate her points. Hope Abandoned was thus a fascinating glimpse into a mind that was almost completely different to mine. I’m not sure that this was Nadezhda’s intention, but it worked for me.
  GlebtheDancer | Sep 2, 2009 |
Indrukwekkend, nietsontziend en getuigend van een fenomenaal geheugen. Deze memoires zijn gewoonweg uitzonderlijk! Haar uiteenzettingen over wat dan ook getuigen van een grote, sterke persoonlijkheid en een coherente en diepgravende levensvisie, met duidelijke en gepronoceerde argumenten over alles wat in dit ondermaanse kenbaar is. De portrettering van haar man Osip is trefzeker omlijnd en tegelijk zeer genuanceerd. Verwoordster en getuige van een ijzersterke logica over de verschillende themata binnenin het Mandelstamiaanse paradigma.
Dus, geen groter eerbetoon mogelijk dan de schrijfster zelf aan het woord te laten in een paar uittreksels:

Over Joseph Brodsky:"In de menigte die Achmatova ten grave droeg bevond zich nog een werkelijk verweesd man: Joseph Brodsky. Van de vrienden van de "laatste lichting", die Achmatova's laatste levensjaren hebben verlicht, ging hij het intensiefst, eerlijkst en onbaatzuchtigst met haar om. Ik denk dat Achmatova hem als dichter heeft overschat - ze was er als de dood voor, dat het draadje van de poëtische traditie zou worden verbroken..." (N.M. pag. 99).
- "Ik heb wel eens gehoord hoe Joseph gedichten voordroeg. Aan het vormen van de klanken neemt zijn neus actief deel. Zoiets had ik nog nooit bij iemand anders geobserveerd: de neusgaten worden samengetrokken, verwijden zich, de neusvleugels bewegen op allerlei manieren, iedere klinker of medeklinker krijgt een bepaalde neusklank mee. Dat is geen mens, maar een blaasorkest, maar afgezien daarvan is hij een heel lieve jongen, voor wie ik bang ben dat het slecht met hem zal aflopen. Dichter zijn, en bovendien Jood, is in onze tijd niet aanbevelenswaardig." (N.M. pag. 99)

" ....In die periode herhaalde Achmatova, die zich erover verwonderde dat men in het buitenland, speciaal de russische emigranten, niets van ons leven begrijpt, dikwijls een zin die mij razend maakte: "Ze zijn jaloers op ons lijden". De oorzaak van het wanbegrip is volstrekt geen afgunst, maar onvermogen zich voor te stellen wat wij hebben doorgemaakt, en de stromen leugens die de werkelijkheid tot onherkenbaar toe hebben verdraaid. Er dient nog aan te worden toegevoegd: en beslist niet diep over de dingen willen nadenken. Ik kan bij geestelijk trage en onverschillige mensen niet alleen geen afgunst, maar zelfs geen normaal medegevoel, geen ziertje medelijden veronderstellen. Ze spuwden er eenvoudig op en wendden zich af. De hoofdzaak is evenwel dat er niets viel te benijden. In ons lijden zat totaal niets verlichtends. Zoekt u er geen enkele zaligheid in: het was niets anders dan dierlijke angst en pijn. Ik ben niet jaloers op een hond die onder een vrachtwagen is gekomen of op een kat die door een smeerlap uit de tiende verdieping op straat wordt geworpen. Ik benijd de mensen niet, tot wie ik ook zelf behoor, omdat in ieder van hen een verrader werd gezien, een provocateur of een spion en omdat ze zelfs als ze op hun eentje waren nergens over durfden nadenken uit angst dat ze zich 's nachts door een kreet in hun slaap zouden verraden tegen hun buren achter de dunne tussenwand. Ik zeg het ronduit: er viel niets te benijden. Wie zal jaloers zijn op Achmatova die op haar eigen kamer geen woord durfde uit te brengen en alleen maar met haar vinger naar een gaatje in het plafond wees, van waar een stukje kalk op de grond was gevallen. Of er iemand boven zat te luisteren of niet doet niet ter zake. Hoofdzaak is dat de vinger naar het plafond wees maar de mond stijf dicht werd gehouden. Na zulke dingen van afgunst spreken is belachelijk en afschuwelijk.." (N.M. pag. 237)

Hoe een zo hard en triest leven zo'n nobele, erudiete en luciede geest en ziel niet kraakte..... ( )
  zerkalo. | Jun 18, 2009 |
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Hope Against Hoperecounted the last four years in the life of the great Russian poet, Osip Mandelstam, and gave a hair-raising account of Stalin's terror. Hope Abandonedcomplements that earlier masterpiece, and in it Nadezhda Mandelstam describes their life together from 1919, and her own after Mandelstam's death in a labour camp in 1938. She also sets out his system of values and beliefs, and provides striking portraits of many of their contemporaries including Boris Pasternak and their champion till his own downfall, Nikolai Bukharin, as well as an astonishingly candid picture of Anna Akhmatova.

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