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Giorgio Jenàtsch (1876)

di Conrad Ferdinand Meyer

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Jürg Jenatsch was one of the most controversial figures of the Thirty Years War (1618 – 1648), preacher, soldier, statesman, a traitor and heretic to some, a patriot and saviour to others.C.F. Meyer's historical but timeless novel of 1897 tells his story with unique insights into the man and the turbulent times he lived in.The story of the axe is found in chronicles written within weeks of his death in 1939. His body was exhumed in 1965, his skull split and remnants of his bloodied clothes still on him. Only recently have the police protocols of the incident come to light, naming Bartolomi Wirtsch as the murderer, a member of the Haltenstein brotherhood, closely associated with the Von Plantas.… (altro)
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Many histories of the Thirty Years War note the importance of a ‘Swiss-controlled’ valley known as the Valtellina, which formed a crucial passage allowing Spanish-Austrian troops to cross from Italy to the Empire. I put ‘Swiss-controlled’ in inverted commas because it's anachronistic: Graubünden, the area within which the Valtellina fell, is now a Swiss canton but was then an independent state of considerable historical interest known as the Three Leagues.

The Three Leagues were allied with the Swiss confederacy, but independent from it. Their leaders (in Chur, Davos and Ilanz) were under enormous pressure from France and Spain to close the Alpine passes to one or other of the great powers, and during the war there were periodic uprisings in both directions.

This politico-religious upheaval has become associated in Switzerland above all with one name – Jürg Jenatsch. A Protestant preacher – and therefore inherently anti-Empire – he murdered the leader of the local Austro-Spanish party and helped the French to gain local control in hopes of winning regional independence in return. But, realising that Richelieu had no intention of relinquishing his own hold on the Valtellina, Jenatsch converted to Catholicism, betrayed his French partners, and led secret negotiations with the Spanish and Austrians which ultimately succeeded in restoring the Valtellina to the Three Leagues (greatly aiding the Imperial war effort in the process).

He was murdered in 1639 by someone dressed as a bear. That's the sort of thing that happened to you in those days.

Jenatsch's name is known in its current form primarily thanks to this novel, which in its time was extremely popular. (Meyer plumped for the north German form ‘Jürg’, though Jenatsch was actually more usually known as Georg or Giorgio, and in his native language Romansh he called himself Zoartz.) Despite the historical context, which is fascinating, the novel has not aged well, and it reads now like a typical sub-Walter Scott stodgy historical romance, with the irritating habit of contriving for all its most dramatic moments to happen off-stage and be related to us at second hand.

There is no English translation available from a serious publisher – I tracked down this self-published version which, sadly, never rises above the mediocre and is often frankly dreadful. The punctuation is random and inconsistent, apostrophes are poorly understood, and the translators have an unfortunate tendency to be misled by homophones (so that, for instance, we hear of two people meeting in the ‘central isle’ of a church). Even worse is the ignorance of standard English idioms for many of the historical details: German Pfalzgraf (I assume) is translated as ‘count of Pfalz’ when it should be ‘count palatine’; the Three Leagues is given as the ‘three confederacies’ or the ‘three Bünden’; and while it might perhaps be just barely defensible to call the head of the Holy Roman Empire the Kaiser, instead of the Emperor as is normal, to give the name of the King of France as ‘Ludwig XIII’ shows a total departure from any common sense.

It's a shame because I very much respect the efforts of individual people to put translations like this out on their own account, and without this father-and-son team I would never have been able to engage with the text at all. But I can't lie, it's not great. Still, I suspect that even in the most fluent translation, this novel's interest is primarily historical rather than artistic. ( )
1 vota Widsith | Mar 24, 2015 |
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Die Mittagssonne stand über der kahlen, von Felshäuptern umragten Höhe des Julierpasses im Lande Bünden. Die Steinwände brannten und schimmerten unter den stechenden senkrechten Strahlen. Zuweilen, wenn eine geballte Wetterwolke emporquoll und vorüberzog, schienen die Bergmauern näher heranzutreten und, die Landschaft verengend, schroff und unheimlich zusammenzurücken. Die wenigen zwischen den Felszacken herniederhangenden Schneeflecke und Gletscherzungen leuchteten bald grell auf, bald wichen sie zurück in grünliches Dunkel. Es drückte eine schwüle Stille, nur das niedrige Geflatter der Steinlerche regte sich zwischen den nackten Blöcken und von Zeit zu Zeit durchdrang der scharfe Pfiff eines Murmeltiers die Einöde.

In der Mitte der sich dehnenden Paßhöhe standen rechts und links vom Saumpfade zwei abgebrochene Säulen, die der Zeit schon länger als ein Jahrtausend trotzen mochten. In dem durch die Verwitterung beckenförmig ausgehöhlten Bruche des einen Säulenstumpfes hatte sich Regenwasser gesammelt. Ein Vogel hüpfte auf dem Rande hin und her und nippte von dem klaren Himmelswasser.

Jetzt erscholl aus der Ferne, vom Echo wiederholt und verhöhnt, das Gebell eines Hundes. Hoch oben an dem stellenweise grasbewachsenen Hange hatte ein Bergamaskerhirt im Mittagsschlafe gelegen. Nun sprang er auf, zog seinen Mantel fest um die Schultern und warf sich in kühnen Schwüngen von einem vorragenden Felsturme hinunter zur Einholung seiner Schafherde, die sich in weißen beweglichen Punkten nach der Tiefe hin verlor. Einer seiner zottigen Hunde setzte ihm nach, der andere, vielleicht ein altes Tier, konnte seinem Herrn nicht folgen. Er stand auf einem Vorsprunge und winselte hilflos.

Und immer schwüler und stiller glühte der Mittag. Die Sonne rückte vorwärts und die Wolken zogen.

Am Fuße einer schwarzen vom Gletscherwasser befeuchteten Felswand rieselten die geräuschlos sich herunterziehenden Silberfäden in das Becken eines kleinen Sees zusammen. Gigantische, seltsam geformte Felsblöcke umfaßten das reinliche, bis auf den Grund durchsichtige Wasser. Nur an dem einen flachern Ende, wo es, talwärts abfließend, sich in einem Stücke saftig grünen Rasens verlor, war sein Spiegel von der Höhe des Saumpfades aus sichtbar. An dieser grünen Stelle erschien jetzt und verschwand wieder der braune Kopf einer grasenden Stute und nach einer Weile weideten zwei Pferde behaglich auf dem Rasenflecke und ein drittes schlürfte die kalte Flut.

Endlich tauchte ein Wanderer auf. Aus der westlichen Talschlucht heransteigend, folgte er den Windungen des Saumpfades und näherte sich der Paßhöhe. Ein Bergbewohner, ein wettergebräunter Gesell war es nicht. Er trug städtische Tracht, und was er auf sein Felleisen geschnallt hatte, schien ein leichter Ratsdegen und ein Ratsherrenmäntelchen zu sein. Dennoch schritt er jugendlich elastisch bergan und schaute sich mit schnellen klugen Blicken in der ihm fremdartigen Bergwelt um.
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Jürg Jenatsch was one of the most controversial figures of the Thirty Years War (1618 – 1648), preacher, soldier, statesman, a traitor and heretic to some, a patriot and saviour to others.C.F. Meyer's historical but timeless novel of 1897 tells his story with unique insights into the man and the turbulent times he lived in.The story of the axe is found in chronicles written within weeks of his death in 1939. His body was exhumed in 1965, his skull split and remnants of his bloodied clothes still on him. Only recently have the police protocols of the incident come to light, naming Bartolomi Wirtsch as the murderer, a member of the Haltenstein brotherhood, closely associated with the Von Plantas.

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