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Il libro maledetto: la storia straordinaria del Trattato dei tre profeti impostori

di Georges Minois

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A comprehensive biography of the Treatise of the Three Impostors, a controversial nonexistent medieval book.   Like a lot of good stories, this one begins with a rumor: in 1239, Pope Gregory IX accused Frederick II, the Holy Roman Emperor, of heresy. Without disclosing evidence of any kind, Gregory announced that Frederick had written a supremely blasphemous book--De tribus impostoribus, or the Treatise of the Three Impostors--in which Frederick denounced Moses, Jesus, and Muhammad as impostors. Of course, Frederick denied the charge, and over the following centuries the story played out across Europe, with libertines, freethinkers, and other "strong minds" seeking a copy of the scandalous text. The fascination persisted until finally, in the eighteenth century, someone brought the purported work into actual existence--in not one but two versions, Latin and French.   Although historians have debated the origins and influences of this nonexistent book, there has not been a comprehensive biography of the Treatise of the Three Impostors. In The Atheist's Bible, the eminent historian Georges Minois tracks the course of the book from its origins in 1239 to its most salient episodes in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, introducing readers to the colorful individuals obsessed with possessing the legendary work--and the equally obsessive passion of those who wanted to punish people who sought it. Minois's compelling account sheds much-needed light on the power of atheism, the threat of blasphemy, and the persistence of free thought during a time when the outspoken risked being burned at the stake.          … (altro)
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> Babelio : https://www.babelio.com/livres/Minois-Le-Traite-des-trois-imposteurs-Histoire-du...

> LE MYSTÈRE HISTORIQUE D’UN LIVRE FANTÔME. — Paradoxalement, les livres qui exercent la plus grande fascination sont parfois ceux qu'on ne pourra jamais lire.
Soit parce qu’ils ont disparu – qu’on songe par exemple au second livre de la Poétique d'Aristote, autour du fantasme duquel Umberto Eco bâtit la cathédrale littéraire du Nom de la rose –, soit parce qu'ils sont inaccessibles – ah, connaître enfin les trésors que recèlent les archives secrètes du Vatican… – soit, tout bonnement, parce qu'ils n'ont jamais existé. Le Traité des trois imposteurs est de ces derniers. C'est au XIIIᵉ siècle, en plein conflit politique entre le pape et l'empereur, que commence à circuler la rumeur de ce livre sulfureux. Tout est dans son titre, blasphème suprême qui dénonce dans un même souffle Moïse, Jésus et Mahomet comme vils affabulateurs brandissant la menace de la colère divine et de ses châtiments éternels pour mieux asseoir leur tyrannie politique ; de là, il s'ensuit que toute religion est une imposture, et que les Églises sont de cyniques machines à opprimer.
Tout au long du demi-millénaire suivant, jusqu'à l’époque des Lumières, l'idée de ce livre circule souterrainement, alimentant les fantasmes des inquisiteurs comme des libres-penseurs – et pourtant, nul ne l’a jamais vu. Ce texte, par son histoire, se révèle une formidable mise en abyme du discours sur la non-existence de Dieu. Du Moyen Âge à l’époque moderne, son seul titre aura fourni la matière d’une critique radicale de la religion comme institution et comme foi. À travers l’histoire rocambolesque d’un livre fantôme, c'est toute l'histoire de l’athéisme, du matérialisme et de la libre-pensée qui se dessine en filigrane de cette passionnante étude au ton enlevé.
*Le Traité des trois imposteurs, Histoire d’un livre blasphématoire qui n’existait pas, Georges Minois, Ed. Albin Michel, 336 pages, 20 €.
L’Homme en Question, (23), Hiver 2009, (pp. 11)

> La presse en parle…

- Cette folle affaire est une histoire authentique, Georges Minois en retrace l’essentiel à l’usage des non-spécialistes dans un ouvrage mi-instructif, mi-insolite.
Roger-Pol Droit, Le Monde

- C’est l’histoire d’un livre fantasmé, une histoire aussi érudite que drôle et abracadabrantesque que nous raconte avec brio Georges Minois.
Marc Riglet, Lire

- On ne peut que remercier Georges Minois d’avoir ressuscité avec science l’histoire de cet étrange document.
L’Histoire

- L’histoire de ce livre est aussi fascinante que méconnue, l’historien Georges Minois a mené l’enquête et le récit se lit comme un roman policier haletant.
Antonio Fischetti, Charlie Hebdo
  Joop-le-philosophe | May 29, 2024 |
This is the story of a notorious book—invoked, refuted, condemned, but nonexistent for centuries, a triply blasphemous treatise on the impostures of Moses, Jesus and Mohamed. To merely summon its name, De tribus impostoribus, was to effect an accusation, or excite wicked curiosity. Rumored to have originated in the early 13th c. imperial court of Frederick II, the treatise spells out a theme that first came to form, according to Georges Minois, in the 10th c. Arab-Muslim milieu. The key figures in the three great monotheisms were seen as effective, inspired leaders and legislators of men rather than enactors of divine revelation.

Arab translations of the classical Greeks (particularly Aristotle), commentaries by Averroes and Maimonides, and early attempts by Christian philosophers to reconcile faith and reason aroused fierce debate in medieval Europe, where the theme of the three imposters had the most influence. From 1239 on, the accusation became ritual: as soon as a thinker became dangerous, he was suspected of having written a treatise on the three impostors. Minois traces the theme through the works of minds great and small in what reads as a compact history of dissent and freethought from the Holy Roman Empire to the Radical Enlightenment. Still, solid evidence for an actual written copy of the treatise does not appear until the 1720s; Minois’ suggestion that its composition was inspired by the works of Spinoza seems fitting.

The bibliography at the end of The Atheist’s Bible—a compendium of obscure religious and philosophical esoterica—is a wonder to behold. There is also a helpful glossary of names.

It’s a truism that ideas have power. What makes the case of De tribus impostoribus so fascinating is the realization that such power could be almost entirely imaginary: the Idea as a menacing phantom, emanating as it did from a book that no one ever actually saw or read. ( )
2 vota HectorSwell | Jun 11, 2013 |
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In this carefully detailed yet accessible study, Georges Minois presents an overview of a curious myth that eventually became a reality. This is the history of a fictitious treatise devised in the thirteenth century as political slander, whose notoriety grew until actual treatises began circulating to fill its role some four centuries later. It is a mystery story, tracing the shadowy, interconnected threads of a legend that proved significant in Western intellectual history and in the lives of real people. Minois rightly treats the subject as myth: the Treatise of the Three Imposters grew into an archetype, a signifier in the evolving discourse on religion, orthodoxy, and free thinking through various social and political contexts in medieval, early modern, and Enlightenment-era Europe.
 
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A comprehensive biography of the Treatise of the Three Impostors, a controversial nonexistent medieval book.   Like a lot of good stories, this one begins with a rumor: in 1239, Pope Gregory IX accused Frederick II, the Holy Roman Emperor, of heresy. Without disclosing evidence of any kind, Gregory announced that Frederick had written a supremely blasphemous book--De tribus impostoribus, or the Treatise of the Three Impostors--in which Frederick denounced Moses, Jesus, and Muhammad as impostors. Of course, Frederick denied the charge, and over the following centuries the story played out across Europe, with libertines, freethinkers, and other "strong minds" seeking a copy of the scandalous text. The fascination persisted until finally, in the eighteenth century, someone brought the purported work into actual existence--in not one but two versions, Latin and French.   Although historians have debated the origins and influences of this nonexistent book, there has not been a comprehensive biography of the Treatise of the Three Impostors. In The Atheist's Bible, the eminent historian Georges Minois tracks the course of the book from its origins in 1239 to its most salient episodes in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, introducing readers to the colorful individuals obsessed with possessing the legendary work--and the equally obsessive passion of those who wanted to punish people who sought it. Minois's compelling account sheds much-needed light on the power of atheism, the threat of blasphemy, and the persistence of free thought during a time when the outspoken risked being burned at the stake.          

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