A comprehensive overview of the history of Turkey ranging from the earliest Neolithic civilizations, to the establishment of the Republic in 1923, to the present-day tenure of President Erdoğan. For travelers or students looking for the story behind the evolution of modern-day Turkey, this informative guide traces this country's history and culture from ancient times through the present day. The first half of this book surveys the centuries up to 1923, with the latter half exploring events since the establishment of the Turkish Republic in 1923. By following the timeline of Turkey's development in clear, chronologically ordered chapters, the work lays out the various civilizations whose remains still sit side by side today. This second edition delves into the full scope of Turkey's events since 2001, covering the leadership of the Justice and Development party, the prime ministry and controversial presidency of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, and the Gezi Park protests of 2013. The updated content includes a notable figures appendix, glossary, and bibliography that supplies electronic resources for students. Covers the history of Turkey since antiquity Explores Turkey's ancient civilizations, such as the Ottomans, the Byzantines, the Romans, the Greeks, the Hittites, and other Indo-Europeans Emphasizes the evolution of the modern Turkish democracy in the last 100 years Discusses the mixed legacy of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, including Turkish nationalism, aggressive secularism, and repeated military meddling in Turkey's democratic system