Imperial Rome truly was one of the most multicultural cities in antiquity. Syrians, Africans, Gauls, Egyptians, Jews and other groups flocked into the city and formed their communities-as well as Christians. The essays here examine questions such as- How did these ethnic and religious minority groups maintain and develop their identity? How did the cultural majority react towards these sometimes exotic groups? The first section gives a general survey about living conditions in early Christian Rome and how Christians, Jews and Egyptians related to their urban context. The second part focuses on the interaction between majorities and minorities in the early Christian community of Rome on the basis of New Testament texts and traditions. The third and final part follows the development of the post-New Testament Christian community into the second and third centuries.