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Stalin e i suoi boia: una analisi del regime e della psicologia stalinisti

di Donald Rayfield

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2329115,131 (4.01)4
Stalin did not act alone. The mass executions, the mock trials, the betrayals and purges, the jailings and secret torture that ravaged the Soviet Union during the three decades of Stalin's dictatorship, were the result of a tight network of trusted henchmen (and women), spies, psychopaths, and thugs. At the top of this pyramid of terror sat five indispensable hangmen who presided over the various incarnations of Stalin's secret police. Now, in his harrowing new book, Donald Rayfield probes the lives, the minds, the twisted careers, and the unpunished crimes of Stalin's loyal assassins. Founded by Feliks Dzierzynski, the Cheka-the Extraordinary Commission-came to life in the first years of the Russian Revolution. Spreading fear in a time of chaos, the Cheka proved a perfect instrument for Stalin's ruthless consolidation of power. But brutal as it was, the Cheka under Dzierzynski was amateurish compared to the well-oiled killing machines that succeeded it. Genrikh Iagoda's OGPU specialized in political assassination, propaganda, and the manipulation of foreign intellectuals. Later, the NKVD recruited a new generation of torturers. Starting in 1938, terror mastermind Lavrenti Beria brought violent repression to a new height of ingenuity and sadism. As Rayfield shows, Stalin and his henchmen worked relentlessly to coerce and suborn leading Soviet intellectuals, artists, writers, lawyers, and scientists. Maxim Gorky, Aleksandr Fadeev, Alexei Tolstoi, Isaak Babel, and Osip Mandelstam were all caught in Stalin's web-courted, toyed with, betrayed, and then ruthlessly destroyed. In bringing to light the careers, personalities, relationships, and "accomplishments" of Stalin's key henchmen and their most prominent victims, Rayfield creates a chilling drama of the intersection of political fanaticism, personal vulnerability, and blind lust for power spanning half a century. Though Beria lost his power-and his life-after Stalin's death in 1953, the fundamental methods of the hangmen maintained their grip into the second half of the twentieth century. Indeed, Rayfield argues, the tradition of terror, far from disappearing, has emerged with renewed vitality under Vladimir Putin. Written with grace, passion, and a dazzling command of the intricacies of Soviet politics and society, Stalin and the Hangmen is a devastating indictment of the individuals and ideology that kept Stalin in power.… (altro)
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Solid account of the way Joseph Stalin consolidated, and then abused, his power in the USSR of the twenties, thirties, forties and fifties. If you've read "Let History Judge" or "The Gulag Archipelago," much of this is not new; the big advantage this book has is that during the brief period when archives were available in the early 1990s, much vital data was extracted, and it's spread throughout this book. A useful adjunct to some of the recent biographies of Stalin. Recommended. ( )
  EricCostello | Oct 10, 2019 |
I have had a pre-occupation with evil rulers of the 20th century. My opinions may change but I am pretty convinced Stalin "wins" as greatest evil leader of that time period. Definitely worse than Mao, probably worse even than Hitler. This book tells part of the story. ( )
  vanjr | Oct 4, 2015 |
Inconceivable ( )
  gerdor | Jun 29, 2014 |
Sen. Lindsey Graham, R-S.C., who typically is in lockstep with McCain on national security matters, on Sunday, though, likened it to the U.S. aligning with Stalin during World War II, because he "was not as bad as Hitler."

"The Iranians can provide some assets to make sure Baghdad doesn't fall," Graham said.
  Artymedon | Jun 16, 2014 |
excellent, but one of the most disturbing and depressing books I have ever read. ( )
  clarkland | Feb 9, 2014 |
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Ein Genozid unvorstellbaren Ausmaßes nachdem vor einigen Jahren Archive des Politbüros, des KGB und anderer Institutionen des untergegangenen Sowjetreichs für Wissenschaftler geöffnet wurden, konnte Donald Rayfield neue Erkenntnisse über Stalin und seine Henker Dserschinski, Menschinski, Jagoda, Jeschow, Berija und ihre wichtigsten Komplizen gewinnen. So entstand das beklemmende Porträt einer Epoche vom Vorabend der Oktoberrevolution bis zur Exekution Berijas im Dezember 1953 , in der ein skrupelloses Regime gegen das eigene Volk wütete. Auf dem 20. Parteitag der KPdSU im Februar 1956 verblüffte Nikita Chruschtschow die Weltöffentlichkeit durch seine radikale Abrechnung mit Stalin und dem Stalinismus. Die Enthüllungen über grausame Willkürakte und die Massenmorde des sowjetischen Diktators waren damals noch lückenhaft. Das ganze Ausmaß der Gräuel wurde erst sichtbar, nachdem man Archive in Russland Historikern aus aller Welt zugänglich gemacht hatte. Einer von ihnen, der LondonerProfessor Donald Rayfield, porträtiert nun nach intensiven Studien eines der düstersten Kapitel in der Geschichte der Sowjetunion. Stalin und seine Henker werden mit kurzen, prägnanten Biographien vorgestellt eine Chronologie des Terrors. Der Autor aber beschreibt nicht nur das brutale wie banale, das ausschweifende wie zwielichtige Leben der Täter, sondern bringt immer wieder auch ausführliche Exkurse zur Geschichte der UdSSR. Dabei werden die Hungersnöte, die Zerschlagung des Bauernstandes, die Ermordung der alten Herrscherschicht, die Schauprozesse, die Enthauptung der Roten Armee (34000 Offiziere wurden erschossen), die Deportation von Dissidenten und die Ausrottung ethnischer Minderheiten mit einer Fülle konkreten Materials geschildert. Rayfield musste bei den Recherchen für dieses Buch bestürzt registrieren, dass der Terror dieser barbarischen Zeit in den Ländern der ehemaligen Sowjetunion verdrängt, häufig sogar geleugnet wird. (34000 Offiziere wurden erschossen)
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Stalin did not act alone. The mass executions, the mock trials, the betrayals and purges, the jailings and secret torture that ravaged the Soviet Union during the three decades of Stalin's dictatorship, were the result of a tight network of trusted henchmen (and women), spies, psychopaths, and thugs. At the top of this pyramid of terror sat five indispensable hangmen who presided over the various incarnations of Stalin's secret police. Now, in his harrowing new book, Donald Rayfield probes the lives, the minds, the twisted careers, and the unpunished crimes of Stalin's loyal assassins. Founded by Feliks Dzierzynski, the Cheka-the Extraordinary Commission-came to life in the first years of the Russian Revolution. Spreading fear in a time of chaos, the Cheka proved a perfect instrument for Stalin's ruthless consolidation of power. But brutal as it was, the Cheka under Dzierzynski was amateurish compared to the well-oiled killing machines that succeeded it. Genrikh Iagoda's OGPU specialized in political assassination, propaganda, and the manipulation of foreign intellectuals. Later, the NKVD recruited a new generation of torturers. Starting in 1938, terror mastermind Lavrenti Beria brought violent repression to a new height of ingenuity and sadism. As Rayfield shows, Stalin and his henchmen worked relentlessly to coerce and suborn leading Soviet intellectuals, artists, writers, lawyers, and scientists. Maxim Gorky, Aleksandr Fadeev, Alexei Tolstoi, Isaak Babel, and Osip Mandelstam were all caught in Stalin's web-courted, toyed with, betrayed, and then ruthlessly destroyed. In bringing to light the careers, personalities, relationships, and "accomplishments" of Stalin's key henchmen and their most prominent victims, Rayfield creates a chilling drama of the intersection of political fanaticism, personal vulnerability, and blind lust for power spanning half a century. Though Beria lost his power-and his life-after Stalin's death in 1953, the fundamental methods of the hangmen maintained their grip into the second half of the twentieth century. Indeed, Rayfield argues, the tradition of terror, far from disappearing, has emerged with renewed vitality under Vladimir Putin. Written with grace, passion, and a dazzling command of the intricacies of Soviet politics and society, Stalin and the Hangmen is a devastating indictment of the individuals and ideology that kept Stalin in power.

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