Inspired by extensive original research, Linda Wagner-Martin breaks with tradition in this major new biography. Here we find Gertrude Stein as we have never seen her before: as a member of her German-Jewish patriarchal family, as an undergraduate at Radcliffe, as an odd sort of feminist, as a medical student at Johns Hopkins University, as a lesbian and a lover, as an art collector, as a war survivor, and much more - as a person and not just a modernist icon. Throughout, her relationship with two of her older brothers - Michael and Leo - shaped her emotional existence, just as her commitment to writing shaped her intellectual life. This fascinating portrait of Gertrude Stein's life (1874-1946) offers a rich history of "The Stein Corporation." Wagner-Martin provides new insight into the influence of Alice B. Toklas, a look into the economic side of the family's existence, and the intimate story of the Steins' relationships with Matisse, Picasso, Gris, and other painters; and later, of Gertrude Stein's relationships with Hemingway, Fitzgerald, Virgil Thomson, Thornton Wilder, Janet Flanner, Mabel Dodge Luhan, and many other colorful modernist writers and artists in the rue de Fleurus salon. This biography also gives us a previously untold but chilling account of Gertrude Stein's and Alice Toklas's survival during World War II in France, and Leo Stein's in Italy.