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Silchester Revealed: The Iron Age and Roman Town of Calleva

di Michael Fulford

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With its apparently complete town plan, revealed by the Society of Antiquaries of London's great excavation project, 1890-1909, Silchester is one of the best known towns in Roman Britain and the Roman world more widely. Since the 1970s excavations by the author and the University of Reading on several sites including the amphitheater, the defenses, the forum basilica, the public baths, a temple, and an extensive area of an entire insula, as well as surveys of the suburbs and immediate hinterland, have radically increased our knowledge of the town and its development over time from its origins to its abandonment. This research has discovered the late Iron Age oppidum and allowed us to characterize the nature of the settlement with its strong Gallic connections and widespread political and trading links across southern Britain, to Gaul and to southern Europe and the Mediterranean.Following a review of the evidence for the impact of the Roman conquest of A.D. 43/44, the settlement's transformation into a planned Roman city is traced, and its association with the Emperor Nero is explored. With the re-building in masonry of the great forum basilica in the early second century, the city reached the peak of its physical development. Defense building, first in earthwork, then in stone in the later third century are major landmarks of the third century, but the town can be shown to have continued to flourish, certainly up to the early fifth century and the end of the Roman administration of Britain. The enigma of the Silchester ogham stone is explored and the story of the town and its transformation to village is taken up to the fourteenth century.Modern archaeological methods have allowed us to explore a number of themes demonstrating change over time, notably the built and natural environments of the town, the diet, dress, health, leisure activities, living conditions, occupations, and ritual behavior of the inhabitants, and the role of the town as communications center, economic hub and administrative center of the tribal 'county' of the Atrebates.… (altro)
Aggiunto di recente damarkbell, zmiya_san, gael_williams
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All in all, this volume represents a welcome addition to the bibliography on Silchester specifically and to the literary landscape of Roman Britain in general. Newcomers to the study of Silchester or non-specialists looking for a concise overview of the site’s history will find this volume to be illuminating without being dry or dense, and those familiar with the extensive publication and study of the site will appreciate the condensation of conclusions and interpretations drawn from many years of careful archaeological study into one volume, as well as the holistic overview of what has been added to the body of knowledge since the publication of previous compilations. Those wishing to pursue more in-depth research on the subject by consulting the volume’s bibliography may have some extra work to do, but they are by no means left on their own, as the ‘Further Reading’ section, though short, does reference the most significant publications on which the current work draws. In addition to all this, one of the volume’s great strengths is the illustration of how ongoing developments in archaeological science and excavation techniques can capture more detailed information about a site, and how excavators incorporate those techniques in pursuit of answers to specific questions. Using Silchester and the Insula IX project as a case study, Fulford’s analysis lays out not just how various excavation techniques have served investigation of Silchester in the past, but also how these strategies can be applied to other projects and sites to retrieve various forms of archaeological evidence and subsequently analyze them to arrive at holistic conclusions. The volume thus functions not just to reveal Silchester, but also to reveal the development and future potential of archaeological excavation in general in approachable and straightforward terms.
 
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With its apparently complete town plan, revealed by the Society of Antiquaries of London's great excavation project, 1890-1909, Silchester is one of the best known towns in Roman Britain and the Roman world more widely. Since the 1970s excavations by the author and the University of Reading on several sites including the amphitheater, the defenses, the forum basilica, the public baths, a temple, and an extensive area of an entire insula, as well as surveys of the suburbs and immediate hinterland, have radically increased our knowledge of the town and its development over time from its origins to its abandonment. This research has discovered the late Iron Age oppidum and allowed us to characterize the nature of the settlement with its strong Gallic connections and widespread political and trading links across southern Britain, to Gaul and to southern Europe and the Mediterranean.Following a review of the evidence for the impact of the Roman conquest of A.D. 43/44, the settlement's transformation into a planned Roman city is traced, and its association with the Emperor Nero is explored. With the re-building in masonry of the great forum basilica in the early second century, the city reached the peak of its physical development. Defense building, first in earthwork, then in stone in the later third century are major landmarks of the third century, but the town can be shown to have continued to flourish, certainly up to the early fifth century and the end of the Roman administration of Britain. The enigma of the Silchester ogham stone is explored and the story of the town and its transformation to village is taken up to the fourteenth century.Modern archaeological methods have allowed us to explore a number of themes demonstrating change over time, notably the built and natural environments of the town, the diet, dress, health, leisure activities, living conditions, occupations, and ritual behavior of the inhabitants, and the role of the town as communications center, economic hub and administrative center of the tribal 'county' of the Atrebates.

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