In On Modern Women and Their Rights, Carmen de Burgos elaborates extensive and erudite arguments to counter the anti-feminist assertions that female difference leads of necessity to inferiority. She challenges the phrenological definition of women as intellectually inferior to men by bringing to bear recent findings which point to the fallacy of a direct relationship between the size of the brain and an individual's intelligence. She refutes the notion that women are by nature, due to their nervous system, more volatile and passionate than men by highlighting the numbers of crimes of passion committed by men as opposed to women, and noting that it is men who start wars and abuse their mates. Burgos also provides a historical overview of women's participation in important historical and cultural movements." Translated and edited by: Gabriela Pozzi and Keith Watts