The attempt to apply an aesthetic or literary approach to fascism remains controversial. In The Search for Modern Tragedy, Mary Ann Frese Witt explores the work of a group of European writers and artists who came to fascism by way of aesthetics. In Italy and France, she maintains, an ideological aesthetic of "Mediterranean" fascism developed to a large extent independently of German Nazism. Witt's study of the relationship between fascism and modern tragedy encompasses theoretical writing on tragedy and tragedies by key authors, including Luigi Pirandello, Henry de Montherlant, and Jean Anouilh. She looks at these tragedies in the context of their reception under fascism in Italy and in Vichy France. Fascism, in the minds of many of its supporters, was an aesthetic or spiritual movement, although its aesthetic and political elements were often intertwined. The Search for Modern Tragedy is not concerned primarily with drama written as a means of conveying fascist propaganda. Rather, Witt is concerned with the influence of aesthetic fascism on the theory and practice of modern tragedy.