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Why Enlightenment culture sparked the Industrial RevolutionDuring the late eighteenth century, innovations in Europe triggered the Industrial Revolution and the sustained economic progress that spread across the globe. While much has been made of the details of the Industrial Revolution, what remains a mystery is why it took place at all. Why did this revolution begin in the West and not elsewhere, and why did it continue, leading to today's unprecedented prosperity? In this groundbreaking book, celebrated economic historian Joel Mokyr argues that a culture of growth specific to early modern Europe and the European Enlightenment laid the foundations for the scientific advances and pioneering inventions that would instigate explosive technological and economic development. Bringing together economics, the history of science and technology, and models of cultural evolution, Mokyr demonstrates that culture-the beliefs, values, and preferences in society that are capable of changing behavior-was a deciding factor in societal transformations.Mokyr looks at the period 1500-1700 to show that a politically fragmented Europe fostered a competitive "market for ideas" and a willingness to investigate the secrets of nature. At the same time, a transnational community of brilliant thinkers known as the "Republic of Letters" freely circulated and distributed ideas and writings. This political fragmentation and the supportive intellectual environment explain how the Industrial Revolution happened in Europe but not China, despite similar levels of technology and intellectual activity. In Europe, heterodox and creative thinkers could find sanctuary in other countries and spread their thinking across borders. In contrast, China's version of the Enlightenment remained controlled by the ruling elite.Combining ideas from economics and cultural evolution, A Culture of Growth provides startling reasons for why the foundations of our modern economy were laid in the mere two centuries between Columbus and Newton.… (altro)
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Il est plus facile de rendre compte de l’avènement et du progrès du commerce au sein d’un royaume quelconque que de ceux du savoir […]. L’avarice, ou l’appât du gain, est une passion universelle qui opère en tout temps, en tous lieux et sur tous ; mais la curiosité, ou l’amour de la connaissance, exerce une influence très limitée, et réclame jeunesse, loisirs, éducation, génie et exemple pour être en mesure de gouverner une personne. […] Il n’est point de sujet pour lequel nous ne devions procéder avec davantage de précaution que celui qui retrace l’histoire des arts et des sciences, de crainte d’y assigner des causes qui n’ont jamais existé et d’y réduire ce qui est tout juste contingent à des principes stables et universels. Ceux qui cultivent les sciences dans n’importe quel État sont toujours en petit nombre, la passion qui les gouverne toujours limitée, leur goût et leur jugement délicats et facilement pervertis, et leur application perturbée par le plus petit incident. Le hasard, donc, ou des causes secrètes et inconnues doivent exercer une grande influence sur la naissance et le progrès des arts raffinés.
DAVID HUME, 1742
Dedica
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À mes trois enfants Rob, Miriam et Ada qui m’ont soutenu tout au long de ces années.
Incipit
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REMERCIEMENTS
Ce livre est né des conférences Joseph Schumpeter que j’ai prononcées à Graz en novembre 2010, et je suis profondément reconnaissant à mes hôtes de la Société Schumpeter de leur hospitalité et de leurs commentaires pénétrants au début de ce projet. [...]
PRÉFACE
L’histoire économique et l’histoire intellectuelle sont deux disciplines dynamiques et actives qui ne se recoupent guère, ce qui est un scandale. [...]
PREMIÈRE PARTIE
ÉVOLUTION, CULTURE ET HISTOIRE ÉCONOMIQUE
1 Culture et science économique
Le monde est aujourd’hui plus riche qu’il ne l’a jamais été. Nous en savons long sur les transformations économiques qui l’ont permis grâce à une immense littérature qui examine sous tous ses aspects la croissance économique moderne depuis 1800 environ. [...]
Citazioni
Ultime parole
Nota di disambiguazione
Redattore editoriale
Elogi
Lingua originale
Dati dalle informazioni generali francesi.Modifica per tradurlo nella tua lingua.
Why Enlightenment culture sparked the Industrial RevolutionDuring the late eighteenth century, innovations in Europe triggered the Industrial Revolution and the sustained economic progress that spread across the globe. While much has been made of the details of the Industrial Revolution, what remains a mystery is why it took place at all. Why did this revolution begin in the West and not elsewhere, and why did it continue, leading to today's unprecedented prosperity? In this groundbreaking book, celebrated economic historian Joel Mokyr argues that a culture of growth specific to early modern Europe and the European Enlightenment laid the foundations for the scientific advances and pioneering inventions that would instigate explosive technological and economic development. Bringing together economics, the history of science and technology, and models of cultural evolution, Mokyr demonstrates that culture-the beliefs, values, and preferences in society that are capable of changing behavior-was a deciding factor in societal transformations.Mokyr looks at the period 1500-1700 to show that a politically fragmented Europe fostered a competitive "market for ideas" and a willingness to investigate the secrets of nature. At the same time, a transnational community of brilliant thinkers known as the "Republic of Letters" freely circulated and distributed ideas and writings. This political fragmentation and the supportive intellectual environment explain how the Industrial Revolution happened in Europe but not China, despite similar levels of technology and intellectual activity. In Europe, heterodox and creative thinkers could find sanctuary in other countries and spread their thinking across borders. In contrast, China's version of the Enlightenment remained controlled by the ruling elite.Combining ideas from economics and cultural evolution, A Culture of Growth provides startling reasons for why the foundations of our modern economy were laid in the mere two centuries between Columbus and Newton.