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Right Hand, Left Hand: The Origins of Asymmetry in Brains, Bodies, Atoms and Cultures

di Chris McManus

Altri autori: Vedi la sezione altri autori.

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279494,820 (3.92)14
- Why are most people right-handed? Do left-handers behave differently from right-handers? - Why is the heart on the left-hand side of the body? - Why is each side of the human brain so different? - Why do the British drive on the left? Why do European languages go from left to right, while Arabic ones read the other way? - Why do clocks go clockwise? - What is the relationship between handedness and speech disorders, such as stuttering? RIGHT HAND, LEFT HAND uses sources as diverse as the paintings of Rembrandt and the sculpture of Michelangelo, the behaviour of Canadian cichlid fish and the story of early cartography. Modern cognitive science, the history of the Wimbledon tennis championship and the biographies of great musicians are also used to explain the vast repertoire of left-right symbolism that permeates our everyday lives.… (altro)
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Mostra 4 di 4
Reading this book took me less time than I expected, as it was surprisingly engaging. I would recommend it to anyone who wants to know (a lot) more about the concepts of symmetry/asymmetry, left/right, and handedness. Some of the disciplines the author brings in are biology, chemistry, physics, linguistics, literature, philosophy, psychology, and history. There are lots of little diagrams to illustrate his points. Some of the details of the chemistry and physics were beyond me, but I was able to get the gist of it. This one had both sides of my brain working. ( )
1 vota SylviaC | Feb 5, 2013 |
In Right Hand, Left Hand, Chris McManus posits that there is no such thing as being ambidextrous. Everyone is either strongly right-handed, strongly left-handed, weakly right-handed, or weakly left-handed. There’s even a questionnaire to determine your handedness. If you answer the questions equally with left and right, it only means that you need a more detailed questionnaire. This, I think, is silly. While having someone answer a million question survey may finally tease out whether someone is slightly biased to one side, I don’t think that this will matter much to the real world outside of academia.

What’s most interesting about Right Hand, Left Hand is the overarching theory that McManus spins by pulling together various research in all sorts of disciplines in order to explain handedness in the universe. The theory is this: because of the deep observed asymmetry in physics, one of the results is culture and civilization today. Whoa, whoa, whoa, you might say–that’s a pretty big theory, one that on the face of it doesn’t wash. Well, here’s his train of thought:

*Experimental particle physics has shown that the universe is asymmetrical. (Example: A Nobel prize winning experiment involving cobalt-60 contradicting the Law of Conservation of Parity)
*Perhaps the asymmetry of subatomic particles have led to the abundance of D-sugars and L-amino acids present in life.
*The L-amino acids determine the structure of proteins in a living body. It’s been known, since about 2000, that there are cilia in the developing embryo that beat a certain way (perhaps due to the protein structure) and create a gradient of signaling molecules which cause our hearts to develop on the left side of our body. This may also be under genetic control. McManus speculates that a similar mechanism causes our brains to also develop asymmetrically.
*Because of asymmetrical brains, we all favor one side or another. Since using the right hand is dominant among humans, this has led to many peculiar cultural developments such as using the right hand for one thing and the left hand for another, to develop peculiarities in language and associations to each side, and to equate right with good and left with bad.

Other than some particular cultural things which appear to have developed by chance (such as on which side of the road you drive on, the direction in which the hands of a clock turns, and from which way you start writing–i.e. left to right in English and right to left in Arabic), McManus’s theory sounds logical and presents a nice and pat explanation for how things came to be. The only problem is, there’s no experimental evidence to prove that the next step is a consequence of the previous step. (more)
  syaffolee | Sep 24, 2010 |
Varför är de flesta högerhänta? Varför kör man till höger? Varför sitter hjärtat till vänster? Varför är vi uppbyggda av enbart vänstervridande aminosyror? Varför anses höger vara bättre än vänster (tänk på uttryck som »vänstra«)? Har dessa saker med varandra att göra? Det, ungefär är vad Chris McManus Höger hand, vänster hand försöker svara på.

Det är således en tämligen omfattande resa det handlar om: från den svag växelverkans asymmetri över människofostrets tillkomst till psykologiska fenomen som att medsols för det mesta anses mer korrekt än motsols. För det mesta är vägledningen kunnig och intressant, även om det naturligtvis går att samla anmärkningar på hög: McManus presenterar till exempel en egen gissning för hur vänster- och högerhänthet kan tänkas ärvas, och använder den sedan skamlöst i andra resonemang trots att den ännu inte har empiriskt stöd, han pratar om »vänsterhänta elektroner« på ett märkligt sätt (möjligen avses elektronens spinn, men i så fall är resonemanget där de ingår felaktigt), han presenterar en lista över indoeuropeiska språk som inkluderar arabiska och hebreiska, han presenterar evolutionär utveckling som den vore styrd av ett syfte, och han tar inte upp saker som talar mot hans syn på saken: han gör ett försök att förklara att högervarv ses som det normala och goda utifrån att solen går åt höger om man tittar mot soluppgången, men nämner senare att samma förhållande verkar gälla på södra halvklotet.

Samtidigt vore det synd att glömma att det faktiskt är en väldigt bra bok, även om resonemangen styckvis är ganska skakiga. Det är många myter som slås hål på: allt ifrån att olika personer skall ha varit vänsterhänta till att det går att byta dominerande hand (Röde Orms vänsterhänthet är alltså orimlig) eller att Neurosedyn skulle ha varit ofarlig om bara gett den ena isomeren (molekylen är instabil, och skulle snabbt ha racemiserats så att båda isomererna skulle funnits i kroppen). Fysik må inte heller vara McManus specialitet, men symmetri och symmetribrott är såpass viktiga begrepp inom modern fysik att det absolut inte kan skada att läsa om deras tillämplighet på även andra områden, och även om McManus kanske faller i egen grop när han kritiserar fysiker för att vägra acceptera ett asymmetriskt universum när han själv inte kan tro annat än att hjärtats placering går att reducera ner till subatomär fysik, så förlåter man honom gärna de när han bjudit på en sådan resa genom de mest skilda vetenskapsområden. ( )
  andejons | Jun 29, 2009 |
When my daughter was young she attended the Royal Institution's Christmas Lectures for several years, and one of the early lectures she went to was on the subject of 'handedness'. She was very excited by the ideas she had heard and conveyed her fascination to me - ever since then I too have been interested in the subject. I was thrilled to find this book, for which the author won the 2003 Aventis General Prize for Science Books. It is a meaty work, McManus covers the history of the study of asymmetry, biology, language, neuro-physiology, particle physics as they pertain to handedness, and much more besides. I have been reading it little by little, trying to absorb each new idea before I move on. Asymmetry permeates our daily lives and this book goes a long way towards explaining why that is. ( )
  herschelian | Feb 12, 2006 |
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Nome dell'autoreRuoloTipo di autoreOpera?Stato
McManus, ChrisAutoreautore primariotutte le edizioniconfermato
Grip, GöranTraduttoreautore secondarioalcune edizioniconfermato
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- Why are most people right-handed? Do left-handers behave differently from right-handers? - Why is the heart on the left-hand side of the body? - Why is each side of the human brain so different? - Why do the British drive on the left? Why do European languages go from left to right, while Arabic ones read the other way? - Why do clocks go clockwise? - What is the relationship between handedness and speech disorders, such as stuttering? RIGHT HAND, LEFT HAND uses sources as diverse as the paintings of Rembrandt and the sculpture of Michelangelo, the behaviour of Canadian cichlid fish and the story of early cartography. Modern cognitive science, the history of the Wimbledon tennis championship and the biographies of great musicians are also used to explain the vast repertoire of left-right symbolism that permeates our everyday lives.

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