Pp. 97-112, "Juifs", and pp. 207-231, "He breux", deal with antisemitism in the ancient and medieval periods respectively. Relates to various theories on the origins of anti-Jewish prejudice, e.g. it is "eternal", it began with Christianity, or it stems from the Hellenistic Eastern Mediterranean region. Views antisemitism as a form of racism, albeit unusual and ancient. Emphasizes the central role of biological discourse in Europe. Biology has provided a theoretical basis for European societies wishing to exclude certain groups. Intolerance of other cultures, of dissidents, and even of itself has marked Western culture from the beginning. This intolerance, born from a weak identity, gives rise to racism.