Thomas Carlyle (1795–1881)
Autore di La Rivoluzione francese
Sull'Autore
(eng) 1) CK Above
2) Erik Bruun actually wrote Test Your History IQ
Smelfungus is a name given by Laurence Sterne to Tobias Smollett as author of a volume of Travels through France and Italy, for the snarling abuse he heaps on the institutions and customs of the countries he visited.
In the 19th century it was adopted by Thomas Carlyle as a pen-name when he had any seriously severe criticisms to offer on things, particularly those that have gone or are going to the bad. Patrick Proctor Alexander also used the name in his book Mill and Carlyle, which contrasted Carlyle's views with those of John Stuart Mill. Proctor's Occasional Discourse on Sauertieg by Smelfungus attacks Carlyle's more brutal ideas.
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Opere di Thomas Carlyle
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Informazioni generali
- Data di nascita
- 1795-12-04
- Data di morte
- 1881-02-05
- Luogo di sepoltura
- Hoddam Kirkyard, Ecclefechan, Dumfriesshire, Scotland
- Sesso
- male
- Nazionalità
- Schots
- Luogo di nascita
- Ecclesmachan, West Lothian, Scotland
- Luogo di morte
- Chelsea, UK
- Luogo di residenza
- Annan, Scotland
Kirkcaldy, Fife, Scotland, UK
Craigenputtock, Dumfriesshire, Scotland
London, England, UK - Istruzione
- godsdienst
wiskunde
rechten - Attività lavorative
- rector universiteit Edinburgh
vertaler Duits - Engels
essayist - Relazioni
- Carlyle, Jane Welsh (wife)
- Premi e riconoscimenti
- Pour le Mérite für Wissenschaften und Künste (1874)
Foreign Honorary Member, American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1878) - Nota di disambiguazione
- 1) CK Above
2) Erik Bruun actually wrote Test Your History IQ
Smelfungus is a name given by Laurence Sterne to Tobias Smollett as author of a volume of Travels through France and Italy, for the snarling abuse he heaps on the institutions and customs of the countries he visited.
In the 19th century it was adopted by Thomas Carlyle as a pen-name when he had any seriously severe criticisms to offer on things, particularly those that have gone or are going to the bad. Patrick Proctor Alexander also used the name in his book Mill and Carlyle, which contrasted Carlyle's views with those of John Stuart Mill. Proctor's Occasional Discourse on Sauertieg by Smelfungus attacks Carlyle's more brutal ideas.
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- Opere
- 421
- Opere correlate
- 29
- Utenti
- 5,515
- Popolarità
- #4,520
- Voto
- 3.8
- Recensioni
- 55
- ISBN
- 607
- Lingue
- 13
- Preferito da
- 12
In his history of the French Revolution, Carlyle covers the period from the latter stages of the rule of Louis XV through the famous "Whiff of Grapeshot" employed by Napoleon Bonaparte to quell the uprising of the Jacobins against the National Convention in the aftermath of the downfall of Robespierre and his associates. This is about as close to a day to day or play by play of the events of the revolution as you are likely to encounter. It bears no resemblance to the typical academic history of the revolution, much less the typical textbook treatment of this world historical event. In Carlyle's retelling which was published a mere twenty-two years after the Battle of Waterloo you are introduced to what seems like the proverbial "cast of thousands". Anyone who was anyone appears on Carlyle's stage and his or her role is accounted for and judged according to his influence and merit. On the whole Carlyle is, if not on the side of, definitely sympathetic to the Revolution. The historicist in him seems to require that he pronounce in favor of what is, because it was, a movement, a spirit, an energy whose time had come and was accordingly irresistible. There is no sympathy expressed for the institutions and actors of the ancien regime, although one does detect a certain admiration for the character of Marie Antoinette. Louis XVI, on the other hand, is doomed by the circumstances he is unequipped to deal with and a Hamlet like inability to make up his mind to follow through on a plan of action. He is reduced to a passive, hope for the best, response at every major turning point where a different course of action might have salvaged his situation.
Carlyle takes a harsh attitude toward the nobility and the clergy. He frequently employs the epithets Jesuitical and Jesuitism to criticize anyone of either a royalist or moderate republican bent. He is dismissive of the emigres, approves of the abolition of feudalism. His sympathies are with what he constantly refers to as the 'twenty-five millions", i.e., the population of France suffering from the want of basic means of subsistence, not just political oppression. I was a little surprised at the harsh assessment of the Girondins who are dismissed along with their "Formulas" a term Carlyle employs to indicate his contempt for political theory as opposed to what in other contexts you might call will to power. He seems to approve of the winning side because it is the winning side and therefore deserved to win. He only criticizes the extreme left of the Jacobins after they have completely wiped out their political opposition and committed themselves to a kind of permanent revolution in the manner of their totalitarian admirers and successors in the 20th century.
Carlyle's prose is difficult albeit elegant. It is as if Shakespeare decided to write a 700-page history instead of a five-act play. If you want to fully follow the story it is really valuable to keep your access to the Internet handy to look up all of the characters he introduces who were significant players if only for a brief time in this drama. Also, the text is replete with references to Greek mythology, ancient and medieval history, and the Bible. I found myself constantly pausing to do a search on my cell phone. Sometimes it is necessary to look up a proper name to understand if he refers to a person or a place. And his vocabulary is as challenging as his literary and historical store of knowledge.
I need to mention by way of a recommendation some benefits of the Modern Library edition which may be wanting in other versions. First, there is an index of proper names which although a common feature is not universal but advantageous when a character reappears in the narrative dozens or more pages after being initially introduced. Also, at the top of each page is a reference to the date of the action being described, at least the year, more frequently the month and sometimes the specific date. In the beginning of the book before Carlyle's text there is a Chronology of the events covered in his work. I found it a useful reference. The only negative associated with the Modern Library edition which is shares with other titles published in the Modern Library series is a poor quality of the typescript.
I should like to conclude by way of an example of Carlyle's rhetoric and thought a paragraph from the chapter Rushing Down in the Book entitled Terror the Order of the Day.
"No inconsiderable Oath, truly; forming, as has been often said, the most remarkable transaction in these last thousand years. Wherefrom likewise there follow, and will follow, results. The fulfillment of this Oath; that is to say the black desperate battle of Men against their whole Condition and Environment, -a battle, alas, withal against the Sin and Darkness that was in themselves as in others; this is the Reign of Terror. Transcendental despair was the purport of it, though not consciously so. False hopes, of Fraternity, Political Millenium, and what not, we have always seen: but the unseen heart of the whole, the transcendental despair, was not false; neither has it been of no effect. Despair, pushed far enough, completes the circle, so to speak; and becomes kind of genuine productive hope again."… (altro)