Few events in history have been more monumental than the emergence of the Space Age, which began with the Soviet launch of Sputnik in 1957. During the next two decades, more than 1,600 spacecraft of all varieties were launched, mostly into the earth's orbit. In addition, twelve men walked on the moon and returned home. By the end of the 1980s, there were more than 300 operational spacecraft and thousands of orbiting objects, mostly the spent, upper stages of launch vehicles and inert spacecraft. The Encyclopedia of Space Vehicles uses a combination of high-quality photos, illustrations, fact tables, and authoritative text to describe all the vehicles and equipment used in space, past and present. It covers all types of rockets, satellites, and probes, as well as their equipment and cargo, such as radio transmitters, measuring instruments, and cameras.