Volume 3, Cancer, presents the complex patterns of cancer incidence and death around the world and evidence on effective and cost-effective ways to control cancers. The DCP3 evaluation of cancer will indicate where cancer treatment is ineffective and wasteful, and offer alternative cancer care packages that are cost-effective and suited to low-resource settings. Main messages from the volume include:-Quality matters in all aspects of cancer treatment and palliation.-Cancer registries that track incidence, mortality, and survival - paired with systems to capture causes of death are important to understanding the national cancer burden and the effect of interventions over time.-Effective interventions exist at a range of prices. Adopting 'resource appropriate' measures which allow the most effective treatment for the greatest number of people will be advantageous to countries.-Prioritizing resources toward early stage and curable cancers is likely to have the greatest health impact in low income settings.-Research prioritization is no longer just a global responsibility.Providing cancer treatment requires adequate numbers of trained healthcare professionals and infrastructure beyond what is available in most LMICs, especially low income countries. Careful patient monitoring is a requirement of good quality cancer care and this often involves laboratory tests in addition to clinical examination. Even if financing were immediately available to build or expand a cancer control system, reaching capacity will take many years.